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Family : DICROGLOSSIDAE
Species : Limnonectes deinodon
Size (snout to vent) : up to 46.1 mm in females, and 46.8 mm in males.
(Dehling, 2014)

Limnonectes deinodon (Corrugated Frog, Flat-headed Corrugated Frog) is a small frog which inhabits shallow pools and puddles with a fine, gravel substrate, and clear streams within primary rainforest and freshwater swamp forest. By day it hides in crevices between small rocks, and under damp leaf litter close to waterbodies. (Dehling, 2014 and pers. obs.) 

It occurs in lowland habitats and hill forest; the holotype was collected at 762 metres elevation at Gunung Lawit, Terengganu state, Peninsular Malaysia by Julian Dring in 1974 (Dehling, 2014). Manthey & Grossmann (1997) document the species in Cameron Highlands, Peninsular Malaysia, between 1200 and 1500 metres elevation (as Limnonectes laticeps).

Its skin is corrugated with abundant dermal folds; this is a useful identifying feature. Its body is stout, its hind legs are thick and muscular, its snout is rounded and its eyes are medium in size. 

Its skin colour is mottled orange-brown, and there is a dark bar between the eyes in both juveniles and adults. There are dark crossbars on the limbs. The underside is pale. A pair of darker spots are often present midway down the back (these are clearly visible in the juveniles in figures 2 and 5).

A review of images on the iNaturalist website (see link) confirm that this species occurs in Peninsular Malaysia and the far south of Thailand. Its presence in southernmost Thailand is confirmed by Chan-ard, 2003 (as Limonnectes laticeps). 


Fig 1 : Example from swamp forest habitat at Panti Forest, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia.

Fig 2 : This juvenile (snout-vent length = ~10 mm) was found amongst leaf litter along a forest path at Kledang Saiong, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia.

Fig 3 : Example from Sungai Sedim, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia.

Fig 4 : Example from the base of Maxwell Hill (= Bukit Larut) near Taiping, Peninsular Malaysia.

Fig 5 : Juvenile at Fraser's Hill, Peninsular Malaysia (elevation = 1000 metres).

Fig 6 : Example from a fast-flowing rocky stream at the base of Maxwell Hill (= Bukit Larut), Perak, Peninsular Malaysia.


References and links :

Chan-ard, T. (2003). A photographic guide to amphibians in Thailand. Darnsutha Press Company. 175 pp.

Dehling, J. M. (2014). Eine neue Fangzahnfroschart der Gattung Limnonectes (Anura: Dicroglossidae) vom Gunung Lawit, Malaiische Halbinsel. Sauria, 36(4), 17.

Manthey U., Grossmann W., 1997. Amphibien und Reptilien Sudostasiens. Natur und Tier - Verlag.

iNaturalist - Limnonectes deinodon