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Text and photos by Nick Baker, unless credited to others.
Copyright © Ecology Asia 2025 |
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Large Mammals of Southeast Asia |
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Of
the many thousands of mammal species in the world, at least 1000 occur in Southeast
Asia, and around 40% of these are bats. Many of the region's larger mammals are
forest-dependant, which makes them difficult to study. Some, such as the
Asian Elephant, are well known, but the region also has
many lesser known species, such as the
Chinese Serow and the increasingly endangered insect-eating pangolins.
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Rhinoceroses
(Perissodactyla,
Rhinocerotidae)
SE Asia : 2 species (worldwide 5 species)
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Tapirs
(Perissodactyla,
Tapiridae)
SE Asia : 1 species (worldwide 5 species) |
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Sumatran Rhinoceros
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis |
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Javan Rhinoceros
Rhinoceros sondaicus |
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Asian Tapir
Tapirus indicus |
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Elephants
(Proboscidea, Elephantidae)
SE Asia : 1 species (worldwide 3 species)
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Sea-cows
(Sirenia, Dugongidae & Trichechidae)
SE Asia : 1 species (worldwide 4 species) |
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Asian Elephant
Elephas maximus |
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Dugong
Dugong dugon |
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Pangolins (Pholidota)
Worldwide eight species of pangolin are recognised, 3 of which occur in
Southeast Asia. The Sunda Pangolin inhabits southerly parts of the region,
and the Chinese Pangolin occurs in the north. The rarest species is the
Palawan Pangolin Manis culionensis, which only occurs in the
Philippines. Pangolins are critically endangered: they are intensively
hunted for their meat and for their scales, which are used in traditional
medicine.
SE Asia : 3 species (worldwide 8 species)
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Palawan Pangolin
Manis culionensis |
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Sunda Pangolin
Manis javanica |
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Chinese Pangolin
Manis pentadactyla |
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Cattle, Buffalo etc. (Cetartiodactyla, Bovinae)
SE Asia : 8 species (worldwide >25 species)
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Other SE Asia species :
Bos sauveli - Kouprey
Bubalus depressicornis - Lowland Anoa
Bubalus quarlesi - Mountain Anoa
Bubalus mindorensis - Tamaraw
Pseudoryx nghetinhensis - Saola |
Gaur
Bos gaurus
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Banteng
Bos javanicus
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Wild Water Buffalo
Buvalus arnee
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Goats, Sheep etc. (Cetartiodactyla,
Caprinae)
SE Asia : 8 species (worldwide >35 species)
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Other SE Asia species :
Budorcas taxicolor - Takin
Capricornis rubidus - Red Serow
Naemorhedus caudatus - Long-tailed Goral
Naemorhedus baileyi - Red Goral
Naemorhedus griseus - Chinese Goral |
Chinese Serow
Capricornis milneedwardsii |
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Southern Serow
Capricornis sumatraensis |
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Bharal or Blue Sheep
Pseudois nayaur |
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Pigs (Cetartiodactyla, Suidae)
SE Asia : 11 species (worldwide 21 species)
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Other SE Asia species :
Sus ahoenobarbus - Palawan Bearded Pig
Sus bucculentus - Indo-chinese Warty Pig
Sus cebifrons - Visayan Warty Pig
Sus celebensis - Sulawesi Warty Pig
Sus oliveri - Oliver's or Mindoro Warty Pig
Sus philippensis - Philippine Warty Pig
Sus verrucosus - Javan Warty Pig (+ Bawean Warty
Pig)
Babyrousa babyrussa - Hairy Babirusa
Babyrousa celebensis - Sulawesi Babirusa
Babyrousa togeanensis - Togian Islands Babirusa |
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Bearded Pig
Sus barbatus
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Eurasian Wild Pig
Sus scrofa
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Mousedeer (chevrotains) (Cetartiodactyla, Tragulidae)
Mousedeer are a group of small
ungulates that inhabit shaded forest. In Southeast Asia there are 6 species
in the genus Tragulus, including the smallest hoofed mammal in the
world, the Lesser Mousedeer
which weighs just over 2 kg. These quiet, forest-floor dwellers have
distinctive white throat markings, skinny legs and assume a
humped posture when searching for food. They are mainly solitary. Some
species are diurnal and others nocturnal.
SE Asia : 5 or 6 species (worldwide 9 or 10 species)
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Other SE Asia species :
Tragulus javanicus - Java Mousedeer
Tragulus nigricans - Philippine Mousedeer
Tragulus williamsoni - Williamson's Mousedeer (?) |
Lesser Mousedeer
Tragulus kanchil
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Greater Mousedeer
Tragulus napu
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Silver-backed Mousedeer
Tragulus versicolor
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Deer (Cetartiodactyla, Cervidae)
SE Asia : 18 species (worldwide >90 species)
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Other SE Asia species :
Muntiacus feae - Fea's Muntjac
Muntiacus montanus - Sumatran Mountain Muntjac
Muntiacus puhoatensis- Puhoat Muntjac
Muntiacus putaoensis - Leaf Muntjac
Muntiacus rooseveltorum - Roosevelts' Muntjac
Muntiacus truongsonensis - Annamite Muntjac
Muntiacus vaginalis - Northern Red Muntjac
Muntiacus vuquangensis - Large-antlered Muntjac
Rucervus eldii - Eld's Deer
Rusa alfredi - Philippine Spotted Deer
Rusa marianna - Philippine Deer |
Hog Deer
Axis porcinus
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Bornean Yellow Muntjac
Muntiacus atherodes
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Red Muntjac
Muntiacus muntjak
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Javan Rusa
Rusa timorensis |
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Sambar
Rusa unicolor |
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Toothed Whales, Dolphins etc. (Cetartiodactyla,
Cetacea, Odontoceti)
SE Asia : 23 species (worldwide ~75 species)
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Other SE Asia species :
Physeter macrocephalus - Great Sperm Whale
Kogia breviceps - Pygmy Sperm Whale
Kogia sima - Dwarf Sperm Whale
Ziphius cavirostris - Cuvier's Beaked Whale
Mesoplodon densirostris - Blainville's Beaked Whale
Mesoplodon ginkgodens - Ginkgo-toothed Beaked Whale
Feresa attenuata - Pygmy Killer Whale
Globicephala macrorhynchus - Short-finned Pilot Whale
Peponocephala electra - Melon-headed Whale
Pseudorca crassidens - False Killer Whale
Delphinus capensis - Long-beaked Common Dolphin
Grampus griseus - Risso's Dolphin
Lagenodelphis hosei - Fraser's Dolphin
Orcaella brevirostris - Irrawaddy Dolphin
Stenella attenuata - Pantropical Spotted Dolphin
Stenella coeruleoalba - Striped Dolphin
Steno bredanensis - Rough-toothed Dolphin
Neophocaena phocaenoides - Finless Porpoise |
Killer Whale
Orcinus orca
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Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin
Sousa chinensis
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Long-snouted
Spinner Dolphin
Stenella longirostris
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Indo-Pacific
Bottlenose Dolphin
Tursiops aduncus
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Common Bottlenose
Dolphin
Tursiops truncatus
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Baleen Whales (Cetartiodactyla,
Cetacea, Mysticeti)
SE Asia : 6 species (worldwide 15 species)
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Other SE Asia species :
Balaenoptera acutorostrata - Minke Whale
Balaenoptera borealis - Sei Whale
Balaenoptera edeni - Bryde's Whale
Balaenoptera musculus - Blue Whale
Balaenoptera physalus - Fin Whale |
Humpback Whale
Megaptera novaeangliae |
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